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• Dogs: House Soiling - Elimination Problems

  There are numerous reasons why a dog might soil the house with urine and/or faeces. Determining the specific reason is essential for developing an effective treatment programme.

• Dogs: Punishment

  Punishment is defined as the application of a stimulus that decreases the chances that a behaviour will be repeated. In practical terms when dealing with dogs, we aim to associate an unpleasant consequence with an undesirable behaviour to reduce the occurrence of the behaviour.

• Dry Eye: Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca (KCS)

  Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) is commonly called dry eye. This is a very apt name since the condition results from lack of proper tear production so that the eye has a dry and sore appearance.

• Ear Infections

  Infections of the external ear canal (outer ear) by bacteria or yeast are common in dogs but not very common in cats. This type of infection is called otitis externa. A cat with an ear infection is uncomfortable and its ear canals are sensitive. The vet may examine the ear canal with an otoscope. The results of the otoscopic examination and cytology tell the vet what to do.

• Ear Mite Infestations

  The ear mite (Otodectes cynotis) is a surface mite that lives on cats, dogs, rabbits and ferrets. It is usually found in the ear canal but it can also live on the skin surface.

• Ear Tumours

  These tumours are polyp-like growths with a narrow base or a stalk. Some are nodular overgrowths secondary to inflammation but others are benign or malignant cancers of the glands found in this area.

• Early Renal Disease (ERD) - The Detection of Microalbuminuria in Cats and Dogs

  Albumin is an important protein found in the bloodstream. It is not normally present in the urine of healthy dogs and cats. Microalbuminuria refers to the presence of small quantities of albumin in the urine.

• Electrocardiography

  An ECG is an electrocardiogram. When any irregularity of the rhythm of the heart beat is detected on clinical examination, using a stethoscope, the veterinarian may suggest an ECG.

• Elizabethan (Medical) Collars for Dogs

  Elizabethan collars are applied to prevent your dog interfering with any wound or dressings. It is natural for dogs to lick their wounds but this can seriously delay healing and can result in infection.

• Endocrine Tumours - Adrenal Cortex

  Tumours of the cortex of the adrenal glands may be overgrowths (hyperplasias) or benign (non-spreading) or malignant (spreading) cancers. Usually they are producing hormones that will have secondary clinical effects elsewhere in the body.