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• Liver Tumours - Metastatic and Miscellaneous

  The liver has a massive blood supply so many cancer cells from elsewhere arrive within it and start to grow. In dogs metastatic tumours are three times as common as primary tumours and over 30% of malignant cancer is said to metastasize to the liver.

• Lung Tumours

  Most lung cancers originate from the epithelium lining the airways. In dogs, most are from the alveoli where oxygen is taken up into the body but in people and in cats, most originate in the main airways (bronchi).

• Lymph Node and Other Lymphoid Tumours

  Cancer of the cells of the lymph nodes (lymphoma, lymphosarcoma) has to be distinguished from other causes of lymph node swelling by histopathology. Some types of cancer are slower growing than others but all are potentially life-threatening.

• Malignant Mammary Tumours in Dogs

  This is a tumour originating from the mammary gland tissues that has been classified as malignant (invasive and capable of spread). Although some of these cancers are cured by surgical removal, others recur and some spread to other parts of the body (metastasis).

• Mast Cell Tumours in Dogs

  This is a tumour originating from the dog's mast cells. These tumours include both benign (relatively harmless) and highly malignant (more dangerous and spreading) types.

• Mast Cell Tumours of the Viscera

  There are two main types of internal (visceral) mast cell tumours, one originating in the blood forming (haemopoietic) organs, such as the spleen and bone marrow, and the other originating in the gut (usually the intestine but occasionally the stomach).

• Melanocytic Tumours

  Melanocytes are cells that produce a pigment called melanin. They are found in many parts of the body where there is pigment, particularly skin, hair and eyes.

• Multicentric Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Situ ("Bowen-Like" Disease)

  Squamous cell carcinoma in situ is a disordered growth of the skin epidermis which may extend to include epithelium of the upper part of the hair follicles.

• Nasal Tumours

  Most cancers originate from the lining of the nose (epithelium). Benign tumours (adenomas) are rare but if they are surgically removable, they are curable. Malignant tumours (carcinomas) are more common with many different types.

• Neuroendocrine Tumours - Carcinoids

  Neuroendocrine cells produce rare tumours (carcinoids, Merkel cell tumours and neuroendocrine tumours). In general, the tumours are slow growing but will eventually spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body.