Library
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Laryngeal paralysis is probably more common than generally recognised. It affects middle aged and older dogs, usually of medium and large size.
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There are many methods of restraining a dog on a lead; from collars to head halters and "one size (or type) does not fit all".
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The lens is the transparent structure within the eye which assists focusing. In some dogs, particularly the terrier breeds, the ligaments can break down allowing the lens to dislocate from its normal position.
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Leptospirosis is a bacterial disease of dogs that can affect the blood, liver, or kidneys. It is caused by bacteria that are spiral shaped.
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Other names include Acral lick dermatitis, and Acropruritic nodule etc. The problem starts with an area of hair loss and reddened skin due to licking.
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Icterus is the accumulation of yellow pigment in the blood and tissues. It is one of the most dramatic features of liver disease and is clinically recognised as jaundice.
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Cancers of the liver cells are called hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas.
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The liver has a massive blood supply so many cancer cells from elsewhere arrive within it and start to grow. In dogs metastatic tumours are three times as common as primary tumours and over 30% of malignant cancer is said to metastasize to the liver.
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Most lung cancers originate from the epithelium lining the airways. In dogs, most are from the alveoli where oxygen is taken up into the body but in people and in cats, most originate in the main airways (bronchi).
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The patella, or knee cap, should be located in the centre of the knee joint. The term "luxating" means out of place or dislocated.
