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• Dry Eye: Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca (KCS)

  Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) is commonly called dry eye. This is a very apt name since the condition results from lack of proper tear production so that the eye has a dry and sore appearance.

• Ear Infections

  Infections of the external ear canal (outer ear) by bacteria or yeast are common in dogs but not very common in cats. This type of infection is called otitis externa. A cat with an ear infection is uncomfortable and its ear canals are sensitive. The vet may examine the ear canal with an otoscope. The results of the otoscopic examination and cytology tell the vet what to do.

• Ear Mite Infestations

  The ear mite (Otodectes cynotis) is a surface mite that lives on cats, dogs, rabbits and ferrets. It is usually found in the ear canal but it can also live on the skin surface.

• Ear Tumours

  These tumours are polyp-like growths with a narrow base or a stalk. Some are nodular overgrowths secondary to inflammation but others are benign or malignant cancers of the glands found in this area.

• Early Renal Disease (ERD) - The Detection of Microalbuminuria in Cats and Dogs

  Albumin is an important protein found in the bloodstream. It is not normally present in the urine of healthy dogs and cats. Microalbuminuria refers to the presence of small quantities of albumin in the urine.

• Endocrine Tumours - Adrenal Cortex

  Tumours of the cortex of the adrenal glands may be overgrowths (hyperplasias) or benign (non-spreading) or malignant (spreading) cancers. Usually they are producing hormones that will have secondary clinical effects elsewhere in the body.

• Endocrine Tumours - Adrenal Medulla

  Tumours of the medulla of the adrenal glands may be hyperplasias (non-cancerous cell overgrowths) or be cancerous. Few are diagnosed until late in the disease because, unlike tumours of the adrenal cortex, medullary tumours do not produce clinical signs.

• Epilepsy

  Epilepsy refers to a condition resulting in recurrent fits or seizures (convulsions) which arise from a non-progressive brain disorder.

• Epileptic Patients - The Need for Blood Tests

  Today many forms of epilepsy in our pets can be successfully controlled by the use of anticonvulsant drugs. These are often needed for long periods of time, usually for life and can have side effects.

• Epulis

  An epulis is a benign oral tumour that affects the gum. It arises from the periodontal ligament which lines the tooth cavity and surrounds the tooth.